Keywords
insomnia
child
adolescent
Abstract
Uyku, optimal beyin fonksiyonu için gerekli olan temel bir nörobiyolojik süreçtir. Son yıllarda çocuklarda ve ergenlerde uyku-uyanıklık bozuklukları, fiziksel sağlık, bilişsel gelişim ve duygusal refah üzerindeki önemli etkileri nedeniyle giderek daha fazla ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Uykusuzluk, obstrüktif uyku apnesi, huzursuz bacak sendromu ve narkolepsiyi de içeren bu bozukluklar farklı şekillerde ortaya çıkmakta ve hem tanı hem de tedavi açısından önemli zorluklar yaratmaktadır. Artan araştırma ilgisine rağmen, bu tür durumlar pediatrik popülasyonda yeterince tanınmamakta ve sıklıkla gözden kaçırılmaktadır. Etiyoloji multifaktöriyeldir ve genellikle davranışsal, çevresel, gelişimsel ve nörobiyolojik faktörleri içerir. Çocuklarda uyku bozuklukları, akademik performansta bozulmaya, duygudurum düzensizliğine, hiperaktiviteye ve aile stresine yol açabilir. Tanı, uyku öyküsü, ebeveyn raporları ve gerektiğinde aktigrafi veya polisomnografi içeren kapsamlı bir klinik değerlendirme gerektirir. Tedavi genellikle çok disiplinlidir, farmakolojik tedavi, farmakolojik olmayan yaklaşımların yetersiz kaldığı veya belirli altta yatan durumların varlığında, orta ila şiddetli vakalar için saklı tutulmaktadır. Bu derleme, çocuk ve ergenlerde uyku-uyanıklık bozuklukları ile ilişkili patofizyoloji, prevalans, sınıflandırma, tanısal zorluklar ve tedavi stratejileri hakkında kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunmaktadır. Amaç, erken tanıyı geliştirmek, normal varyasyonlar, problemli davranışlar ve teşhis edilebilir bozukluklar arasındaki ayrımları netleştirmek ve tedavi edilmeyen uyku bozukluklarının potansiyel uzun vadeli sonuçlarını vurgulamaktır.
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